The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.